Aim:

The present study was designed to examine the effects of listening to music during exercise of moderate intensity on mood, state anxiety, and time to exhaustion as well as to evaluate sex differences in 27 physically active (14 men, 13 women) subjects between the ages of 20 and 30 years.

Methods:

Participants completed the Profile of Mood States and the State Anxiety Inventory before and after treadmill running in Music and No music conditions. Music and No Music conditions were randomly assigned, and participants exercised at 75% of their Heart Rate Reserve until voluntary exhaustion.

Counclusion:

Analysis indicated participants reported statistically significant mean changes on Tension, Depression, Fatigue, Confusion, and State Anxiety. However, the findings for emotions yielded no significant effect of music, except findings suggested that women, but not men, reported greater mean Fatigue after exercising in the presence of music than in its absence. Also, there was a statistically significant finding suggesting that women exercised longer with music than without.

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Aim:

This study examined the interaction of exercise and music to establish the impact of these factors on state-anxiety and time to exhaustion comparing trained and active participants.

Methods:

Twenty-six university students (13 trained, 13 active) completed the State-anxiety Inventory questionnaire before and after a submaximal treadmill running until volitional exhaustion in both music and no-music condition.

Conclusion:

This study supports the general finding that exercise is associated with state-anxiety reduction, and suggests that music during exercise may improve this effect in active but not in trained participants. Further, listening to music during exercise may prolong the participants' exercise experience but different training status seems to qualify differently this response.

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Tesi Dottorato:

Aim:

The present thesis examined the effects of listening to music during treadmill running on mood, state anxiety, and time of running considering gender as well as fitness-level differences.

Methods:

To evaluate these topics the present study was divided in two separate investigations. Fourteen men and 13 women completed the Profile of Mood State and the State Anxiety Inventory before and after treadmill running in Music and No- Music conditions. Participants exercised at 75% of their Heart Rate Reserve until voluntary exhaustion. Music and No Music condition were randomly assigned, the opposite music condition was administered about one week later.

Conclusion:

First study’s results indicated participants reported statistically significant mean changes on Tension, Depression, Fatigue, Confusion, and State Anxiety after exercise. However, the findings for emotion yielded no significant effects of music. The analysis also showed that women exercised longer in presence of music compared to no-music condition while men did not.

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